T-bone accidents, also known as side-impact or broadside collisions, are among the most severe types of motor vehicle crashes. These accidents occur when the front of one vehicle strikes the side of another, forming a “T” shape at the point of impact. Despite vehicles being equipped with advanced safety features, side impacts remain deadly due to the limited protection for occupants on the impacted side.
Suppose you or a loved one has been injured in a T-bone accident. In that case, you should hire a proven Washington automobile crash lawyer as soon as possible to investigate the accident and hold the negligent driver liable for maximum damages.
The Mechanics of a T-Bone Collision
A T-bone collision typically occurs at intersections and involves one driver failing to yield or disregarding a traffic control device, such as a stop sign or red light. The side of a vehicle, especially the passenger compartment, lacks the crumple zones and reinforcement of the front and rear ends.
This makes the impact more directly absorbed by vehicle occupants, particularly if the striking vehicle is traveling at a high speed.
Key Characteristics
- Point of impact: Directly into the door or side panel of a vehicle
- Angle of impact: Generally between 70–90 degrees
- Collision environment: Intersections, stop sign-controlled streets, and uncontrolled intersections
- Vehicle dynamics: One vehicle has the right-of-way; the other enters unlawfully
Even at moderate speeds, a side impact can lead to devastating consequences because there is only a thin barrier (usually only a window and a door) between the vehicle occupant and the striking force.
Why T-Bone Accidents Are So Dangerous
Minimal Side Protection
Unlike frontal or rear-end collisions where bumpers and crumple zones absorb much of the energy, the sides of vehicles offer significantly less protection. Most vehicles are not engineered to withstand direct hits to the side with the same degree of energy dispersion.
Even with modern side airbags and reinforced door panels, the physical space between the side door and an occupant is minimal. This proximity increases the dangers of side-impact collisions, such as:
- Head trauma from window and frame intrusion
- Thoracic injuries from side impacts
- Pelvic or abdominal crushing
Side airbags cannot prevent T-bone crashes, but can reduce injury severity. However, their deployment is not always sufficient to protect against severe internal damage.
High Likelihood of Injury or Fatality
According to data from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), side-impact crashes accounted for 22% of passenger vehicle occupant deaths in 2023, with a large percentage occurring in T-bone configurations. Injuries are usually serious because:
- Seat belts are less effective in preventing lateral movement
- Impact typically occurs directly at head or chest level
- Rear-seat passengers are particularly vulnerable
Children and elderly individuals face increased risk due to bone fragility and lower resilience to blunt force trauma.
Speed Differential
T-bone accidents generally involve a vehicle traveling at full speed while the other is stopped or traveling slowly through an intersection. This disparity in velocity amplifies the collision’s force. For example, a car running a red light at 45 mph into a vehicle moving at 10 mph through a green light will result in a substantial kinetic energy imbalance, exponentially increasing the impact.
Vehicle Rollover Potential
A strong side-impact collision can cause a vehicle to spin or even roll over, particularly if it is struck near the rear axle or at an angle. Taller vehicles such as SUVs and pickup trucks are especially susceptible to rollover accidents following a side impact, further compounding injuries to occupants.
Common Causes of T-Bone Collisions
Although each accident scenario is unique, T-bone accident risks are relatively higher due to one or more of the following contributing factors:
Failure to Yield Right-of-Way
Violating right-of-way rules is one of the most common causes of T-bone crashes. This may include:
- Running red lights or stop signs
- Failing to yield when turning left across traffic
- Entering an intersection from a driveway or alley without stopping
Washington law (RCW 46.61.180 and RCW 46.61.050) imposes strict duties on drivers to obey traffic control devices and yield appropriately.
Distracted Driving
A driver who is texting, adjusting the GPS, or looking away from the road may miss traffic signals or crossing vehicles. In intersection settings, even a second of inattention can result in a broadside crash. Evidence of distraction, such as cell phone records, vehicle telemetry, or eyewitness reports can significantly impact liability findings.
Impaired Driving
Alcohol and drug impairment slow reaction times and impair judgment. A driver under the influence is more likely to:
- Misjudge distance or speed
- Fail to stop at traffic lights or signs
- Drive through intersections unlawfully
In Washington, driving under the influence is a criminal offense and constitutes strong evidence of civil negligence.
Speeding and Reckless Driving
Excessive speed can turn a minor miscalculation into a deadly T-bone crash. A speeding vehicle can:
- Fail to stop in time at an intersection
- Misjudge the timing of another vehicle’s entry
- Deliver far more force on impact, especially in side collisions
Poor Intersection Design or Signal Malfunction
Sometimes, the physical layout of an intersection can contribute to collisions. For example:
- Obstructed visibility
- Faded stop lines or missing signage
- Confusing lane markings
- Malfunctioning or poorly timed traffic lights
In such cases, municipalities or government entities may share liability under the Washington Tort Claims Act.
Proving Liability in T-Bone Accidents
To establish liability, the skilled T-bone accident lawyers at Jacobs and Jacobs Personal Injury Law Group will launch a thorough investigation to find evidence, such as:
- Photographs: Scene photos can document vehicle positions, traffic signals, road markings, and weather or lighting conditions.
- Police reports: May contain preliminary fault assessments, citations, and diagrams.
- Witness statements: Critical in disputed light or stop sign cases.
- Vehicle damage analysis: The location and extent of damage can help determine the angle of impact and speed.
- Surveillance or dashcam footage: May clarify traffic signal compliance and movement.
- Expert accident reconstruction: Engineers may be needed to analyze the point of impact and speeds.
Even if both drivers entered the intersection lawfully, further inquiry may reveal speed violations, distraction, or failure to yield during turns.
Injuries Commonly Seen in T-Bone Accidents
The range and severity of injuries from T-bone crashes can vary significantly depending on speed, impact angle, and vehicle size. Common injuries include:
Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)
Impact with windows, doors, or airbags can result in concussions, contusions, or more severe TBIs. Loss of consciousness at the scene is a red flag.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Lateral compression forces may damage vertebrae or spinal discs, causing paralysis, chronic pain, or nerve dysfunction.
Pelvic and Rib Fractures
Side impacts exert force directly into the rib cage and hip area, particularly for occupants seated closest to the impact zone.
Internal Organ Damage
Ruptured spleens, collapsed lungs, or internal bleeding may occur due to the violent compression of the torso against doors or seats.
Wrongful Death
Unfortunately, T-bone crashes may result in fatalities, especially when one vehicle is significantly larger or the impact occurs at high speed.
Insurance and Damages Considerations
Victims of T-bone collisions may face long-term rehabilitation, permanent disability, or wrongful death losses. In such cases, determining insurance coverage and navigating claims becomes complex.
Third-Party Liability Claims
These are typically filed against the at-fault driver’s insurance. However, Washington’s minimum insurance limits may be insufficient to cover catastrophic losses.
Underinsured Motorist (UIM) Claims
If the responsible driver’s policy cannot cover all damages, victims can file a UIM claim under their insurance if they purchased this optional coverage. Personal injury damages may include:
- Past and future medical expenses
- Lost wages and reduced earning capacity
- Pain and suffering
- Loss of enjoyment of life
- Loss of consortium (for family members)
- Punitive damages in rare cases
The Role of Expert Witnesses in Proving Liability
In high-value or disputed T-bone crash cases in Washington, expert testimony may be essential. This can include:
- Accident reconstructionists establish speed, fault, and point of impact
- Biomechanical experts demonstrate how injuries occurred
- Medical experts testify on the nature, extent, and prognosis of injuries
- Economists calculate lost earning capacity and future care costs
Expert opinions may sway juries or bolster settlement negotiations with insurance carriers.
Our Washington T-Bone Accident Lawyers Will Fight to Maximize Your Compensation
Jacobs and Jacobs has been a pillar of justice for personal injury victims in the Puget Sound region since 1893. Our firm’s deep roots trace back to B.F. Jacobs, and we have proudly continued our tradition of legal service across generations from World Wars I and II to modern times. With a family legacy spanning more than a century, we bring unmatched dedication, skill, and experience to every case.
If you have suffered injuries in a T-bone accident, our Washington T-bone accident attorneys will fight for your maximum compensation and stand by you through every phase of the legal process. We handle the legal complexities, negotiating from a position of strength with insurance companies, collecting compelling evidence, and litigating when necessary, so you can focus on healing.
Our attorneys are aggressive advocates and compassionate counselors. From your first consultation to the final resolution, we are here to pursue the justice and compensation you are owed. You don’t have to pay anything unless we win. To schedule your free case evaluation, call us 24/7 at 253-342-4965 or contact us online.